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The United States National Guard traces its
unbroken history and lineage back to 1636, older than the nation itself.
Volunteer militia regiments on the eastern seaboard had been in
existence for over 140 years and had participated in six military
campaigns prior to the Revolutionary War, in which they fought
side-by-side with the newly formed Continental Army. The Indiana
National Guard traces its unbroken history and lineage back to 1801,
older than the state itself. Volunteer militia companies were organized
initially as protection against marauding Native Americans. forefathers of today's
151st Infantry Regiment fought with General William Henry Harrison at
the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 when the great Shawnee Chief, "The
Prophet" was defeated. |
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The Charter for the
National Guard lies in the United States Constitution, providing a
dual state/federal role for the Guard. The "state" portion of the
dual role designates the governor as commander in chief of the Guard
in his or her own state. This allows the use of Guard personnel and
units as he or she sees fit to provide for the security and well
being of the state's citizens and property. The "federal" portion of
the dual role provides for personnel and units of the Guard to be
called from the state into active federal service under control of
the United States Government in time of national crisis. |
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Indiana
militia units were called to federal duty for service in the Mexican
War in the 1840s. Volunteer militia units were again called into
federal service during the War Between the States in the 1860s in
which
thousands of Hoosiers served in all major military campaigns.
Several units formed for in-state service and were known as the
Indiana Legion. In 1805 the Legion was renamed the Indiana National
Guard. Soon there after several regiments were again mobilized, this
time for the short Spanish-American War of 1898. |
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In 1916
Indiana units were called for duty on the Mexican Border. In 1917
the entire National Guard was mobilized again for service in World
War I. The majority of the new 38th (Cyclone) Division came from
Indiana
units that were eventually deployed to France. Indiana's 150th Field
Artillery Regiment fought with distinction as part of the new 42nd
(Rainbow) Division. During World War II, the 38th Infantry Division
earned combat streamers for three campaigns in the Southwest
Pacific, including spearheading the landings on Luzon in the
Philippines that regained the Bataan Peninsula from the Japanese.
For that, General Douglas MacArthur christened the 38th as the
"Avengers of Bataan". Indiana Air Guard units were mobilized and
served during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Berlin
Crisis of the early 1960s. Company D (Ranger), 151st Infantry was
mobilized during the Vietnam War and earned the distinction as one
of the most highly decorated combat units of the war. Personnel from
four Army Guard and four Air Guard units from Indiana were called
into federal service in support of Operations Desert Shield/Storm in
the Middle East.
There are
countless instances over the years in which the Governor of Indiana
has called the Guard into state service for assistance in disaster
relief or to help maintain law and order. During the worst
tornadoes, flooding, blizzard conditions, failure of city and town
utilities, aircraft crashes, domestic violence, and a host of other
emergencies, it was, and will in the future be, the Indiana National
Guard that has and will have the personnel,
equipment, and training to respond immediately and professionally. |
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© Copyright 2006 Indiana National Guard - All Rights Reserved. |
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